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PIN VALLEY
ATTRACTIONS With its sub-zero temperature and semi-frozen rivers, Pin Valley is the only cold desert National Park located in Himachal Pradesh. The park lies in the valley of the Pin river, which gives it the name. Spreading south of Dhankar in the Spiti district near the Tibetan border, the reserve forms a natural interface with the Lahaul and Spiti divisions of the state. It was set up to protect and preserve the rare and unique Himalayan flora and fauna. Vast and sparsely populated, Pin Valley is home to the snow leopard -- the grey ghost of the Himalayas -- and its prey, the ibex. Set against a backdrop of icy mountain ranges, it is snowed in for a good part of the year and only the adventurous and the fit should attempt a trek to this fascinating country. The Buddhist monasteries or gompas give a strong religious flavour to the place. Terrain The Pin river arises from the glaciers of the Pin-Parvati Pass located at a height of 4,802 m. The river flows down to meet the Spiti, a large tributary of the Sutlej, at the Lingti village, lower in the valley. The entire area forms the core of the park, some 675 sq km with a buffer of 1,150 sq km. Besides Pin, the other major rivers are Parahio and Khamengar. There are also 12 perennial streams, and many springs and glaciers. In spite of this, the area is relatively dry and is a part of the cold desert of India where the annual average precipitation is 177 mm with heavy snow in the winter. Altitudes range from 3,300 to 6,632 m above sea level. The Rupi Bhabha Wildlife Sanctuary is located to the south, and the buffer zone of the Great Himalayan National Park is to the southwest. The Pin-Parvati Pass leads to Kullu, while the Tari Khango Pass at 4,866 m leads on to the Kinnaur district in the southeast. A region of hills, cliffs and mountainous crevices, interspersed with grassy lower slopes, the Pin Valley National Park is remote and harbours many rare species. Going back in geological time, evidence from ammonite fossils reveal that the region was once submerged under the Tethys Sea. Quartzite, phylites, schist and gneiss are the most common rocks found here impregnated with granite, shale, limestone and sandstone. Alkaline, calcareous soils characterise terrain where salinity is high. History Local rulers called Nonos once ruled Spiti. They were either descendants of native families or chiefs sent by the rulers of Ladakh. In the 10th century, Spiti was ruled by a Ladakhi prince and since then, the fate of this region has inextricably been linked with Ladakh. At one time 'weak' rulers in Ladakh granted Spiti some autonomy, but Spiti has always looked up to the might of Ladakh, Chamba and Kullu. The Ladakh-Tibet war of 1681-83 granted 'freedom' to Spiti when Raja Mansingh of Kullu exploited this opportunity to take over the area. In the 18th century, Ladakh regained control. Even during this period, the Governor from Leh usually went away after the harvest, leaving the local administration in the hands of the Wazir or Nono. In 1846, Spiti was brought under the control of the East India Company and the Nono were entrusted with the local administration. The area now forms part of the Lahaul-Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh. The Chinese occupation of Tibet in 1949 debilitated Spiti's cultural links, though the exile of the Dalai Lama has ironically boosted the religiosity of Spiti. Simultaneously, with improved communications the region has lost some of its remoteness and become more integrated with India. Pin Valley was declared a National Park on January 9, 1987. Legand Tibetan culture prevails in Spiti. In the food that is eaten, in the wandering Buddhist lamas, the flat-topped houses and the shrines dedicated to Guru Padmasambhava the patron saint of Tibet. In this sparsely populated region hospitality is easily found. The people lead an austere and religious lifestyle. Padmasambhava, who pioneered Tantric Buddhism in Tibet, was known as Guru Rinpoche and was also often called the "Second Buddha". He dismissed the native sorcery of the Bon religion and taught Tantra to Grand Master Lu. The Tantric or Vajrayana Buddhists are a cult of people who believe in devotion using a combination of rituals, religious images, diagrams, chanting and singing. The term 'vajra' is derived from Hindu mythology -- the thunderbolt that was the weapon of the Gods. Tantric Buddhists have blended Hindu chants and initiations into their philosophy and Tibet is one of the places in the world where the religion has influenced people most deeply. Silk paintings of Tantric Buddhist deities adorn the walls and over 300 volumes of the sacred texts of Kenjur and Tenjur are found neatly wrapped in white muslin at the monastery of Kungri. The lamas of Spiti practice the ancient art of Tibetan medicine. |
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